Research Objects

On May 25th, Women's group, teachers' group and professors prosecuted 44 companies according to clause 6, Equa1 Employment Law(prohibit discrimination interns of recruiting and employment), clause 11 , article 1, Constitution (people's equal rights) and clues 32, article 4, Constitution (vio1ation of labor rights); those companies accepted the employment outline which have restriction in terms of beautiful looking favored person, height and weight.

Most of the prosecuted companies, have an appearance restriction such as '160cm~beautiful looking person required' or even less than 50kg person required. chohung Bank has a restriction like; 162~167cm, 1ess than 50kg.

Newcore Department Store; over 1 65cm. Samsung Industry; over l58cm excellency of beauty required. Jinro co.; over 158cm, no wearing glasses.

Since long time ago, the article on beautifu1 1ooking required has never been removed, is the end, how beautiful was the main point to hire her instead of her ability. Since this body condition is not related with working ability, so this restriction is totally violation of the law and discrimination against the women.

The prosecuted companies are; Hyundai Automobile, Kia Automobile, Hyosung Industry, Daewoo Telecommunication, Korea Housing Bank, Sinsegye and Midopa Department Store, etc.

According to a teacher in a commercial high school, worrren students are trying to have a diet or face-lifting in order to be picked up by a good company. They even take a medicine for urination or for diarrhea. These are all for diet.

The restriction against body condition causes many side problems in schoo1 education. Women are regarded as an 'office flower' and they are discriminated in terms of working line, training, education, wage and promotion.

When women are employed under such a beauty level, they are just caught up by simple or assistant labor intensive work, so this leads to low wage, which can be justified wage discrimination against women.

Lee Ju-hwan (arrested railway-worker's family)

Hardness of Hearing after 4 years working

2002. 4
vol.27


cove story
Women demanding to reform the labor laws
related women workers, dressing up as pregnancy

Top 10
News of Women Workers in 2001

Bae, Jin-kyung● Public
Relations Officer, KWWAU

Reform Movements of the Labor Laws related women - Maternity
Leave 90 Days, Paid Childcare Leave, Reform of the Gender Equality Law,
etc

Diverse methods at a rally
calling for reform of women labor laws.

Participants appeared as
pregnant women (2001. 4. 23)

Everyone from the selection committee picked this struggle as one of the top
10 news of the year. It was a major struggle leading to the start of the
socialization of maternal protection costs. With the formation of the common
body for the reform of worker laws women, legal petitions were submitted and
over 100 statements

were released together with numerous rallies and active campaigns before
legislative passage by the National Assembly on July 18.

As a result, maternity leave was extended to 90 days, paid childcare leave
and reformed  Gender Equality Law went into effect on November 1, 2001.
The significance of the reformed law lies in the socialization of maternity
protection costs, the expansion of maternity protection and applicants for
childcare leave, the strengthening of the Gender Equality Law and the
regulations on sexual harassment, etc. Not all our demands were met but these
were the first steps for future changes. The rights achieved must be
implemented in the workplace and other benefits such as paid abortion leave,
paid maternity leave of the spouse, and family sick leave remain issues to be
furthered expanded.  

3 out of 4 Women In Irregular Work

There is a sharp increase in irregular work for women. What was 62.0% in 1997
rose to 65.9% in 1998, 69.5% in 1999, 73.3% in 2000, and 70.9% in 2001.
 The decrease in 2001 was due to the overall decrease of women workers
in 2000. However ompared to 2000,  there was an overall decrease of
142,000 women workers (168,000 regular workers lost their jobs but there was
an increase of 26,000 irregular workers).

Irregular women workers will continue to rise. Women workers continue to work
as irregular workers as they face severe unemployment and other disadvantages
caused by the sex discriminatory employment practices in the Korean labor
market. Also women who had temporarily left the labor force due to birth of
children or childcare face difficulties in getting re-employed as regular
workers.

Lotte Hotel Fined 30 Million Won - Reason For Not Taking Any
Punitive Action Against Sexual Harassment

The sexual harassment issues arising from the strikes at Hotel Lotte carried
the phrase "Hotel Lotte is even first-class in sexual harrassment." Out of
the 327 cases submitted by the union for investigation, it was found that 32
male staff personnel had harassed 68 women workers. The Hotel management took
punitive action against 22 of the accused perpetrators but delayed any action
against the remaining 10 people on the grounds that it might influence
the civil suits in process against them.

The victims filed a collective petition and on February 4, 2001, the Seoul
Regional Labor Office applied the Gender Equality Law on Hotel Lotte and
fined each of the 10 perpetrators 3 million won per person. This is the first
time such a fine was levied for not taking punitive action against the
perpetrators in a sexual harassment case. Fines have usually been levied when
sexual harassment prevention videos have not been shown.

Movement for the Increase of the Minimum Wage - Increase of
12.6% (hourly pay 2,100 won, monthly 474,600 won)

Launching ceremony of the
Committee to monitor

minimum wage violations (2001.
10. 23)

Due to the active campaigns calling for the increase in the minimum
wage, an increase of 12,6% was promised by the government instead of the
expected 2-3%. Signature-collecting drives, discussion campaigns, and other
measures were undertaken. These measures
were useful in publicizing the significance of the increase in the minimum
wage and the reality faced by women workers receiving minimum wages  y
increasing public awareness on the issue. Also, the campaign did not stop
with the increase in the minimum wage but continued with the launching of a
common monitoring team to report to the Ministry of Labor the workplace
violations in the practice of the minimum wage and called for measures to
overcome such unfair practices..

First Ever Collective Agreement by Golf
Caddies(88CC)

On July 12, the 88CC Golf Caddies Branch of the KWTU signed a collective
agreement with 88 Tourism Development Inc. This is the first ever collective
agreement signed by golf caddies and has very special significance for
specially-hired workers. Main contents of the agreement were
  recognition of the 88CC branch of the KWTU as the only
representative body for collective agreement, agreeing to discuss matters
related to golf caddies with the union  guaranteeing
union activities  prevention of sexual harrassment and measures against
perpetrators (including visitors)  permission to wear glasses and better
treatment for golf bag carriers  permission for union members to have
access to golf courses. The 88CC branch of the KWTU was formed on October 9,
1999 but was not recognised as workers as they were specially-hired and had
to undertake a long struggle. However, the 88CC branch, through continuous
organizational activities, managed to increased its membership to over
two-thirds of the golf caddies working at the 88 country club. After a long
struggle, they were able to overcome their status as specially-hired workers
and eventually signed a collective agreement.

Struggle to Achieve Labor Rights of Specially-hired
Workers

The active struggles by specially-hired workers against governmental refusal
to recognize them as workers was another big incident. Script writers,
reporters, and DJs formed a broadcasting station branch of the KWTU on August
26 to achieve their rights. A discussion on the three labor rights was held
in October and the consensus was reached that they have been completely
excluded from the application of the labor related laws and social insurance.
During the process, two script writers working at Myunhwa Broadcasting
Corporation (MBC), Daegu, were fired from their jobs with the start of the
new season of TV programs. On October 29, a debate on occupational diseases
by golf caddies was held showing the seriousness of the working conditions
and health problems of golf caddies. The following rally calling for the
achievement of labor rights and the application of the labor laws once agin
clearly showed the reality of golf course working conditions.
56 union members of Daeyong Rumina Country Club who have been fired and on
strike for over ten days, finally, achieved collective agreement with the
company and returned to work on December 18.

Publication of the [History of the Korean Women Workers'
Movement]

Publication anniversary, KANG, In-soon, YI, Ock-jie (2001. 10.
12)

The [History of the Korean Women Workers' Movement] has been finally
published in two volumes after four years' of research. The volumes were
planned by the KWWAU and written by LEE, Okjie and GANG, Insoon and contained
the history of the women workers' movement from the Japanese colonial days to
the 1990s.

The women workers' movement which had been veiled behind the truggles of male
workers in heavy industries has been published by undertaking interviews of
women in the field and through research into historical archives. Women
workers had played an important role in the history of the Korean labor
movement and the women workers' movement had been very active but had not
been properly evaluated.
And so the publication of the [History of the Korean Women Workers' Movement]
is very important in the re-evaluation of the women workers' movement.

KCTU Adopts 30% Women Quota

KCTU has passed a resolution to adopt a 30% women quota in all
decision-making processes. It was passed with the approval of 80.6% (340 out
of 422) of the participants on July 13. In future, the KCTU will reinstate
the quota in the election of officers (with the exception of the chairperson
and secretary-general). The time of reinstatement of the policy will be soon
determined.

Participation by women in decision-making bodies (as of July 2000) such as
the KCTU general assembly is 6.24%, central committee 6.97%, central standing
committee 4.34%, steering committee 0%, and with the exception of the rate of
women participation in the health and medical workers union, only 23.3% of
women worker participation
could be seen. Women unionists had long demanded a women quota system and the
passage of reformed regulations have allowed women to have more say and more
opportunities for organizational expansion. Also, the National Teachers'
Union on April 29 has finalized a 50% women quota in all decision-making
bodies.

Board of Gender Equality Decides `Marriage Retirement' of
Full-time Workers as Gender Discrimination

The Board of Gender Equality has decides that the practice of retirement upon
marriage and the re-employing of former full-time workers on a contract basis
as gender discrimination.

The Board on October 8 opened its Committee on the Reform of Gender
Discrimination and has announced that former full-time workers of
governmental agencies who were forced to leave their jobs upon marriage but
re-instated as contract workers doing the same type of work with lesser pay,
were victims of discrimination and decided as such all cases which were
petitioned

The Committee has decided that the employers pay 7 million won as
compensation and  prevention measures to be implemented.

Seoul High Court Upholds Union Membership of the
Unemployed

The Seoul High Court has rejected the appeal by the Seoul City overnment to
outlaw the union membership of unemployed people. The Seoul branch of the
KWWAU has petitioned for the annulation of the rejection against the
formation of the union and the Seoul High Court on September 19 announced
that "it is not fair that the establishment of a union be rejected due to the
inclusion of unemployed workers”and supported the KWWAU in the matter.


In 1999, the KWWAU which includes unemployed women in its membership has been
rejected by the Seoul City Government and has filed a petition against the
local government decision. The Seoul Administrative Court has in January
decided that "anyone living on some kind of a stipend can be recognized as
workers”and “anyone fighting to achieve collective rights and other labor
rights including unemployed people or people who are temporarily without jobs
as workers”, upholding union membership of unemployed people.

There have been many difficulties in the women workers' movement but
there have also been many achievements. Women workers will continue to fight
to achieve their rights to create a more equal world.

Results and Issues of the Labor Laws Related Women Reform Movements

Inha Uni. 35-Day Struggle for Employment Succession
-struggle by contracted women cleaners, Inha Uni. Inha College branch-

Hwang Yong-mi ● KWTU Incheon Branch, vice-president

Dispatching Branch President to Cleaning Apartments
9In 1999, the services company unilaterally changed its mode of contract to the system of annual wages. And said that severance pay and bonuses as promised on recruitment are all included in the annual wages. This meant that severance pay and family allowances were all contained in the monthly salary of 500,000 won. The severance pay promised was unilaterally done away with.
Some people who left the company had filed a petition to the local labor office to receive their overdue severance pay and it was only then that people found out severance pay must be paid even in the system of annual wages. Then the company changed from the annual wage system (with severance pay) to the system of monthly wages and pressured people to sign a contract with a 30,000 won deduction from meal benefits. CHOI, Ok-soon (the president of the branch) refused to sign and the company dispatched Ms Choi to clean apartments as a retaliatory measure.
This was an unfair measure against Ms Choi and she promptly contacted the student body asking them for help who in turn contacted the KWTU. "We need to form a union but don't know how and so I just ran for help to the student body. That's when I knew that the KWTU existed.."  

The Emotional Formation of the Branch Union
The branch union was formed on October 24, 2001. "This is still like a dream and not reality. We have been recruited as a cleaners some 10. 13. and 17 years ago, and most of workers are in their 50s and some in their 60s. We never thought we would see a day like this. People have to live long. We all thought that unions are for people working in big companies and for younger people. I never thought I would become part of a union," said the oldest woman, with a bright smile, her face lined with the wrinkles of hard work. The inauguration of the union was followed with the election of the president of the union and its officers, with more congratulatory messages from the students of the university. It had not been an easy inauguration because most of the women feared some kind of retaliation from the company.
 
Payment of overdue wages and bonuses
The negotiations with the company on overdue wages and severance pay were not easy. The company complained that their service fees received from the university were small and put off payments to a later date. The company refused to reimburse the meal fees that were deducted. After the failure of the 5th negotiations, union members decided to put on 'irregular workers' vests' and do their work. This struggle ended in 5 minutes but attracted much attention from the school. The company decided to settle all overdue wages, severance pay with a 200% bonus and meal payment of 20,000 won. We struggled together against the company and achieved our demands, something that was unthinkable before the formation of the union, even though we had been working for the same company for over 10 years.

Struggle Against Contract Cancellations
After the formation of the union, the union members worked harder than ever. It was a severe winter and the women worked hard clearing the snow and undertook all kinds of menial duties without complaint. However, as the date of contract renewals drew near, the contracting company Juyong Co. Ltd, set up a new company under a different name (in the name of the wife of the current CEO) and fired two workers in charge of the dormitories. And sent out contract expiration notices to the remaining 34 workers. At first everyone it was a customary gesture. However, setting up a false services company and then sending contract expiration notices meant only one thing - the intention of the company to dissolve the union. A woman worker who had worked for 18 years said, "I have always worked even when the company changes hands. I have never received contract expiration notices. I have never been fired when my contract expired. The important thing is work. What do the mean by firing me?"
The two workers who got fired on the basis of 'work negligence' were known as very hardworking people, even receiving compliments from the university authorities. They have never took a day off from work for 7 years. Other union members have signed a new contract with the new company. The union requested a meeting but the chauffeur of the president of the company came out and said, "the president sees no necessity to meet." A few days ago, the president of Juyong Co. Ltd., had promised employment succession but under the new company in his wife's name, he refused to meet with the union.

35-day struggle under the hot sun
The struggle  to go back to work started the next day of the dismissal. Union members wore 'irregular worker vests' and worked. Ms Choi who worked only for half a day was forced to do work amounting to a day's work. She started her work very early in the morning to finish her work and in the afternoon, immersed herself in union activities.
Union members held a rally during lunch time at the main entrance to the university. Everyone was self-conscious at first and could not even shout their slogans but after a while, they could speak for 20 to 30 minutes in the rallies. It was indeed a tremendous change.
The women wore their vests even under the hot sun. It was very difficult for the women to open rallies every day when the temperatures were over 35 degrees. The women went to the university authorities for help but to no avail. They were all thrown out of the office.
The women were angered at such treatment and vowed not to let the matter rest. Petitions were handed out to the students and rallies continued in front of the main headquarters of the university. Students who had staged a sit-in struggle at the dean's office were promised that the university would guarantee the employment succession of the women workers. The students
fought side by side with the women workers from the very beginning.
On the 35th day of the struggle, the university authorities cancelled its contract with the services company and the new services company brought in promised that all women workers would be reinstated to their jobs. The Incheon branch of the KWTU and members of the student body witnessed the signing of the new contract. Union members threw off their vests and hugged each other in happiness. All union members shouted in victory and the two women workers who had been fired wept tears of relief.

Increase the Minimum Wage!
- Results and Remaining Issues of the Movement for the Increase of the Minimum Wage -

 Bae Jin-kyung ● KWWAU, public relations officer

 On July 20 last year, the Minimum Wage Commission decided on the minimum wage to be applied from September to August next year - 2,100 won per hour, 474,600 won a month, an increase of 12.6% from the previous year. It was a surprise since only about 2~3% increase was expected. This is due to the activities of the Action Center for Irregular Women Workers' Rights in solidarity with other organizations. It started with a survey in April of contract women workers with campaigns and signature-collection drives in all regions.

Signature Collections of 10,488 People
On May 23, `the 10,000 signature-collection drive for the increase of the minimum wage' started. The drive was aimed to increase citizen awareness and participation and to publicize the issue. As a result, 10,488 people signed the petition. The signatures were submitted to the Minimum Wage Commission  on July 11, a good opportunity to show the urgency of the matter.

Debate on the reality of contract women workers
On June 8, the debate on the reform measures on the minimum wage problem from the perspective of irregular workers was held. The debate was held on the survey carried out regionally on contract women workers. The survey revealed the ugly reality of these women workers. 22.9% of these women workers were receiving less than the legal minimum wage of 421,490 won and 1/3 of those interviewed said that they were heads of households. In the debate, the unrealistic minimum wage system was pointed out to have been solidifying the low wages of women workers. Demands were put forward for the reform of the review standards of the minimum wage, making the minimum wage meet realistic standards, participation of irregular workers in the review  process, strengthening government supervision, the expansion of the concept "user-employers", etc.
KIM, Soo-gon (the head of the Minimum Wage Commission) said that "I agree that the standard age for the application of the minimum wage must be raised,”and also that “the increase of the minimum wage is too minimal to be really effective.”The debate was attended by about 140 women workers.

National Inauguration of the campaign to increase the minimum wage (June 25, 2001)

Campaign in 10 Cities
There were campaigns calling for the increase in the minimum wage in 10 cities (Seoul, Incheon, Gwangju, Masan, Changwon, Busan, North Cholla Province, Ansan, Bucheon, Daegu, Daejon) from May to July. The campaigns were held once monthly, publicizing the need for the increase in the minimum wage to the public and workers. On June 25, a special rally was held to commemorate the start of the national campaign. This rally is the first of its kind since the birth of the Minimum Wage Commission. Ms Choi, Ok-soon, the head of the Inha University Union Branch of the KWTU revealed the reality of cleaning ladies who received a monthly wage of 420,000 when half of them were heads of households and called for the guarantee of wage increase to allow basic living.

Actions Against the Minimum Wage Commission
Publicity campaigns were carried out together with actions against the Minimum Wage Commission. A position paper was submitted calling for the increase of the minimum wage to a realistic level. The signatures of 10,488 were also submitted along with a letter to the head of the Minimum Wage Commission. The two letters to the head of the Minimum Wage Commission written from the perspective of women workers were very persuasive. A press conference was also held by the Action Center for Irregular Workers' Rights, Interviews with members of the Commission were also held.

Contention Between the Commission Members
The Minimum Wage Commission consists of 9 labor representatives and 9 representatives from the public sector. There was contention over the minimum wage standards between the members of the Commission, the labor representatives asking for  2,837 won per hour while the representatives from the public sector proposing 1,930 won per hour. On July 5, the public representatives proposed 1,941 per hour, on July 12, the labor representatives proposed 2,270 won per hour. Finally on July 20, after more compromises, the two sides submitted their final proposals of 2,100 won (labor) and 2,060 won (public). The proposals were voted on and the proposal submitted by the labor representatives was adopted with a difference of only vote.

The increase in the minimum wage was possible due to the efforts outlined. The campaigns are especially important not only because of the increase in wages but also for increasing the public awareness of the issue such as the reality of the minimum wage, how it is computed, and why it is important. Furthermore, the reality of the workers were also revealed. Monitoring activities will be carried out in the workplace to see if the minimum wage standards are observed properly.

For A World With Equal Treatment

Doh, Jae-geum ● head of the Kyongbok University Branch Union, Daegu Branch of the KWTU

A Hard Life
I was the only daughter in the family and I grew up with four other brothers. I thought I could reach for the skies and achieve anything but what a life this has been!
Whoever made my life this way? I was only 25 when I moved to Gumi with my husband who was a government employee. My husband started his own business and died when I was 38. I tried to run the business but failed. I moved to Daegu in 1984 with my three young children and started from scratch,
I had to work everyday. Because my children had to eat. I worked as a cleaning lady in a rice refinery, as a private nurse and again as a cleaning lady. I have been paying my pension since the national pension fund has been introduced but I would only be getting only 19,700 won a month after the age of 65. How am I going to survive?

There is still hope left
I lived very frugally and so I could feed my children. I only paid for the university entry fees and my two sons paid their way through the university. My children grew up well despite the hardship. It always pains me to think of my daughter who I could not afford to send to the university.
My daughter married five years ago and my eldest son is getting married soon. I felt that I could still work at the age of 58 and asked for an extension of the retirement age but was refused. Last July, I met with the KWTU and asked if I could get an extension if I joined the union.

The union is my greatest pride
I suffered much after I started the union but I kept in mind what my son told me -  “Mother, you have not done much good to other people in your life so far. You have nothing to be afraid of. If everything goes right, them you have a few more years to work and if something goes wrong, then you can just leave." Of course, everything could not have been possible without the help of the KWTU.
The formation of the Kyongbok University Branch Union  is the pride of my life. I have lived more than I would live in the future but now I feel as if I am living a second life.

For a World That Treats People Equally
With the formation of the union, we received bonuses for the first time in our work as cleaning workers. We received better treatment and our retirement age was extended to 63. In our upcoming contract renewal in 2002, it is possible that we would be categorized as daily workers and cleaners in charge of big campus buildings (libraries, science buildings) might be directly employed. The night sentry guards were strengthened by the formation of our union and formed a maintenance union themselves.