| kwwa |
2002-10-28 15:15:51, 조회 : 62 |
Revision of Laws & Regulations
Title Development and Changes of Women-Related Laws
Date 2001-10-19
Contents
+------+---------------------------+------------------------------------+
|Year | Title | Description |
+------+---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| 1948 | Establishment of the | - Korea became the 54th nation in |
| | Constitution | the world to acknowledge women's |
| | | suffrage. |
+------+---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| 1953 |Enactment of the Labor | - Developed special clauses on |
| |Standards Act | protection of women and children.|
| |Enactment of the Criminal | - Defined adultery as extramarital |
| |Code | sexual intercourse by someone who|
| | | is married. |
+------+---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| 1958 |Enactment of the Civil Code| - Abolished the "incompetent wife |
| | | system". |
| | | - Changed the judicial reason for |
| | | divorce from adultery by the wife|
| | | to adultery by either spouse. |
+------+---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| 1977 |Revision of the Family Law | - Set 20 years of age as the legal |
| | | age for both men and women to be |
| | | married without parental consent.|
| | | - Defined unclear ownership of |
| | | property as belonging to both the|
| | | husband and wife. |
| | | - Deemed that parental authority |
| | | can be exercised by both parents.|
| | | - Established equal inheritance for|
| | | sons and daughters on the family |
| | | registration. |
+------+---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| 1978 |Enactment of the Special | - Enabled couples with the same |
| |Act on Marriage | family name and family origins |
| | | to marry and enter their children|
| | | on the family registry. |
+------+---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| 1987 |Revision of the | - Stipulated equality between men |
| |Constitution | and women workers and protection |
| | | of maternity rights. |
| | | - Created new clauses on mandates |
| | | of the government to promote |
| | | welfare and interests of women, |
| | | and on individual dignity and |
| | | gender equality in marriage and |
| | | family life. |
| +---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| |Enactment of Sexual | - Aimed to guarantee equal |
| |Equality Employment Act | opportunity and treatment for men|
| | | and women workers, protect |
| | | maternity, and contribute to |
| | | enhancing the status and welfare |
| | | of female workers by developing |
| | | work skills of female workers. |
+------+---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| 1989 |Revision of the Family Law | - Deleted the clause on the rights |
| | | and duties of the head-of-household|
| | | - Changed the system of inheriting |
| | | the headship-of-a-household to |
| | | the system of succeeding the |
| | | headship-of-a-household. Set 8 |
| | | chon(degree of kinship) on both |
| | | the paternal and maternal sides |
| | | as the limits of familial |
| | | relationship. |
| | | - Adopted a new system which |
| | | enables divorces to request |
| | | division of property. |
| | | - Revised the provisions on |
| | | parental authority, property |
| | | inheritance and custody rights of|
| | | divorced parents. |
| +---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| |First revision of the | - Abolished the clauses on the |
| |Sexual Equality Employment | burden of proof of discrimination|
| |Act | and penalty for gender |
| | | discrimination in employment |
| +---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| |Enactment of Mother-Child | - Aimed to enhance welfare of |
| |Welfare Act | single-mother families and to |
| | | stabilize the lives of single- |
| | | mother families |
+------+---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| 1991 |Enactment of the Infant and| - Aimed at resolving problems |
| |Child-Care Act | associated with child care in |
| | | order to ensure gender equality. |
+------+---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| 1993 |Enactment of the Special | - Set healthy social order by |
| |Act on Sexual Assaults | preventing sexual violence, |
| | | protecting the victims and |
| | | penalizing the offenders. |
+------+---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| 1995 |Act for the Prevention of | - Strengthened the existing |
| |Prostitution | punishments and made recipients |
| | | of the service of prostitution |
| | | punishable. |
| +---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| |Sexual Equality Employment | - Designed to ensure implementation|
| |Act | of the Sexual Equality Employment|
| | | Act |
| +---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| |Basic Framework Act for | - Aimed at promoting gender |
| |Development of Women | equality in political, economic, |
| | | social and cultural spheres and |
| | | facilitating the development of |
| | | women. |
| | | - Impose responsibility on the |
| | | central and local governments to |
| | | ensure gender equality. |
+------+---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| 1997 |Enactment of the Special | - Modified penalty on sexual |
| |Act on Sexual Assaults | violence against minors and |
| | | strengthened protection of |
| | | victims |
| +---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| |Establishment of Act on | - Based on the intervention of the |
| |Prevention of Domestic | government and society in |
| |Violence and Protection of | prevention of domestic violence, |
| |Victims, | punishment of the offenders and |
| | | protection of the victims |
| |Enactment of Special Act on| |
| |Punishment of Domestic | |
| |Violence | |
| +---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| |Decision on the | - Abolished the ban on the marriage|
| |unconstitutionality of | between people with the same |
| |clause 1, Section 809 of | family name and origins |
| |the Civil Code | |
| +---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| |Nationality Act | - Stipulates equal treatment of |
| | | maternal and paternal blood lines|
| | | so that both are recognized |
| | | honored in the acquisition of |
| | | nationality |
+------+---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| 1998 |Infact Care Act (revision) |
+------+---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| 1999 |Revision of Equal | Clause on punishment of sexual |
| |Employment Opportunity | harassment in work places |
| |Act | was added. |
| +---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| |Act on the Prohibition | The act was enacted to strengthen |
| |of Gender Discrimination | the function of eradicating |
| |and Redemption | gender discriminating practices. |
| | | The Presidential Commission on |
| | | Women's Affairs can conduct |
| | | investigations on gender |
| | | discriminating cases and can give |
| | | correction recommendations. |
| | | * Implemented from July 1 1999 |
| +---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| |Act for Assistance of | This act was enacted to ensure |
| |Women Entrepreneurs | true equality of genders in |
| | | the area of economy by actively |
| | | supporting women's business |
| | | activities and women launching |
| | | new businesses. |
| | | * Implemented from June 1 1999 |
| +---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| |Revision of the Act on |Established the regulation to |
| |the Punishment of Sexual |penalize the installation of hidden |
| |Crimes and Protection |cameras |
| |of Victims thereof | |
| +---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| |Revision of Special |Regulation added for lay educational|
| |Act on Punishment |institutes to be required to rigidly|
| |of Domestic Violence |maintain the secrets of victims of |
| | |domestic violence so as to ensure |
| | |the safe school life of children |
| +---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| |Revision of the National |Insurance rate for voluntary |
| |Pension Act |subscribers including housewives |
| | |was down by 3% of the amount of |
| | |standard income monthly. |
| | |For people sixty and over who |
| | |divorced after having a marriage |
| | |life for over 5 years, their spouse |
| | |gains the right to receive the |
| | |equally divided amount of, the |
| | |pensions, equivalent to the period |
| | |of the marriage. |
| +---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| | Revision of the State |Regulation on application of |
| | Public Officials Act |childcare leave is changed from |
| | and Local Public |voluntary to compulsory in order to |
| | Officials Act |protect leave takers from |
| | |disadvantageous treatment |
| | |Half of the leave period is included|
| | |in the period of promotion in the |
| | |salary step. |
| +---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| | Revision of the |The regulation for permission for |
| | regulation of public |60 days maternity leave for pregnant|
| | services by State |female officials changed from |
| | Public Officials |voluntary to compulsory as in the |
| | |Labor Standards Act. |
| | |Pregnant female officials can take |
| | |one day leave per month during the |
| | |pregnancy period for periodic |
| | |checkups. Considering the |
| | |differences of opinion in discussion|
| | |on the equilibrium between |
| | |the agnate and cognate, persons |
| | |asking for special leave for |
| | |congratulations and condolences |
| | |are to use discretion. |
| +---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| |Revision of the |No approved exceptional payment of |
| |regulation on allowances |family allowance for the eldest son.|
| |for public officials |Approved payment of family allowance|
| | |to any offspring directly attending |
| | |his/her parents regardless of |
| | |sibling order. |
| +---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| |Revision of the Military |The spouse is the first proxy |
| |Decoration Act and its |recipient representative to receive |
| |enforcement decree |a badge of honor based on the rank |
| | |of the succession to the headship |
| | |of a house in the Civil Act. |
| | |If this is not possible, the badge |
| | |is delivered to the proxy recipient |
| | |according to the rank of the |
| | |succession to the headship in the |
| | |revised Civil Act. |
| +---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| | Abolition of the |The system adding a score of |
| | additional mark |3-5% to the discharged soldiers |
| | system given to award |in qualifying for employment |
| | the military service |and promotion was declared |
| | of men |unconstitutional |
| | |because it was an obvious |
| | |unequal provision against the |
| | |right of equality, freedom of job |
| | |selection, and the right to |
| | |employment in public service |
+------+---------------------------+------------------------------------+
|2000 | Act for the Protection |It guarantees the human rights of |
| | of Adolescents Against |teenage girls by protecting them |
| | Sexual Crimes |from sex trafficking and sexual |
| | |violence. |
| | |* enforced on July 1, 2000 |
| +---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| | Revision of the Provisions| Regulation on application of |
| | related to Childcare Leave| childcare leave is changed from |
| | of the Rules for the | voluntary to compulsory. |
| | | |
| | Public Educational | The term of childcare leave is |
| | Personnel and Staff & | included in the years of service. |
| | Private School | And pubic officials should not be |
| | | treated unfairly just because of |
| | | temporary retirement from office |
| | | (for childcare). |
| | | * Enforced on January 1, 2001 |
| +---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| | Revision of the Political | Women's quota system is introduced |
| | Party Law | by which political parties should |
| | | recommend women for over 30% of |
| | | the candidates for the national |
| | | assembly seats from national |
| | | constituencies and for the assembly|
| | | seats from local constituencies |
| | | (city/province) elected by the |
| | | system of proportional |
| | | representation. |
| | | * Enforced in February 2000 |
| +---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| | Revision of the National | The regulation is deleted that |
| | Pension Act | when children or grandchildren who |
| | | were entitled to receive the |
| | | survivor's pension are married, |
| | | their right to receive the pension |
| | | shall be cancelled. |
| +---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| | Revision of Act on the | The restrictive regulation by which|
| | Honorable Treatment of |a married daughter or granddaughter,|
| | Persons of Distinguished | provided that she has no other |
| | Services for National | surviving family members and no |
| | Independence and the Act | prosperity, could be rewarded by |
| | on the Honorable Treatment| both acts in deleted to eliminate |
| | of Persons of | gender discrimination. |
| | Distinguished Services | * Enforced on January 1, 2000 |
| | for the Existence and | |
| | Prosperity of the Nation | |
| +---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| | Revision of the Act for | According to the decision that the |
| | the Support of Discharged | additional point system awarded to |
| | Soldiers | men for military service is |
| | | unconstitutional, the government |
| | | substituted alternative plan for |
| | | it. |
| +---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| | Establishment of the | Women defined by the Presidential |
| | Special Act on Correcting | Decree including women who have |
| | the Disparity in Utilizing| been excluded from persons who are |
| | Information | neglected in the utilization of |
| | | information and computer skills are|
| | | included in the beneficiaries |
| | | information educational programs |
| | | so as to correct the disparity in |
| | | utilization of information. |
| +---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| | Revision of the National | The Ministry of Gender Equality is |
| | Government Organization | established to take complete charge|
| | Act | of women's policy. |
| +---------------------------+------------------------------------+
| | Revision of the Act on | According to the establishment of |
| | Prohibiting Gender | the Ministry of Gender Equality, |
| | Discrimination and Relief | the practical committee on |
| | Relief &nb |
| |