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Analysis of Cases counseled by the Equal Rights Counseling Center January 1999 ~ March 1999
Studied by the Equal Rights Counseling Center, Korean Women Workers Association United
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Analysis of Counseling
* Duration of counseling : January 1999 ~ March 1999
* Total cases of counseling : 470 cases (excluding re-counseling)
<Figure 1> analysis of counseling by type
discrimination 1.2%
occupational diseases 1.2%
maternity protection 5.7%
sexual violence in the workplace 6.5%
job insecurity 85.3%
Figure
Counseling cases (not including re-counseling cases) total 470 cases. Amongst 225 cases excluding 225 cases classified as others, counseling about job insecurity such as withheld back wages, dismissals, and unfair labor practices constitutes 80%. Amongst the cases related to job insecurity, back wages represent 151 cases (61.6%),dismissals 31 cases (18.4%), and unfair labor practices 13 cases (5.3%). In addition, sexual violences including sexual harassment accounted for 16 cases (6.5%), maternity protection for 14 cases (5.7%), occupational health for 3 cases (1.2%), and discrimination in recruitmentt for 3 cases (1.2%).
Ratio of counseling about job insecurity
Compared to the first quarter of 1998, the number of cases counseled about job insecurity in the first quarter of 1999 has increased markedly.
First quarter of 1998 First quarter of 1999
No. of counseling about job insecurity 131 cases 209 cases
total No. of counseling cases 150 cases 225 cases
counseling about job insecurity / total No. of counseling cases 87.3% 80%
<Figure 2> Analysis of counseling on employment insecurity by type
Discriminatory dismissals 5.7%
other ordinary dismissals 12.7%
back wages 61.6%
unfair labor practice 5.3%
Major reasons for back wages are bankruptcies, shop closures, offshore relocation,s, and habitual back wages.
Dismissal cases are analyzed as follows:
In the first half of 1999 there were prevalent discriminatory dismissals against women workers and married women workers whose partners work in same workplace. In particular, such dismissals are still prevalent in public corporations.
Illegal dismissals without taking proper dismissal procedurees
One-way notices of dismissals and dismissals on unreasonable grounds in very small-size firms
Pressures by companies on unpaid leaves and retirement related to women workers' pregnancy.
There have been upward trends of counseling related to maternity protection in the first quarter of 1999. This is due to the reality that maternity protection has deteriorated under the pretext of the current economic crisis.
- Regular workers are still forced to transfer to irregular workers.
Additionally, the number of counseling related to sexual harassment in the workplace has increased:
These cases total 16 (5 cases in January, 6 cases in February, and 5 cases in March)
By type, 9 cases are classified into physical harassment; 5 cases into verbal harassment; and 1 case into visual harassment
According to analysis of abusers, 7 cases are undertaken by company presidents; 7 cases by superiors; and 2 cases by co-workers
Amongst the 16 counselees, only two (2) women mentioned that their companies provided preventative educational program (in consideration of the government's announcement and implementation on of the act preventative measures on sexual harassment in the workplace on March 17, 1999).
Analysis on counselees
In the first quarter of 1999 married women, unorganized workers, and female workers working in firms with less than 10 workers, form the great majority of counselees. In particular, there have been an increasing number of counseling cases with married women workers and female workers working in firms with less than 10 workers, compared to the first quarter of 1998. In addition, an increasing number of irregular workers have taken counseling. This reflect the situation of female workers' unsecure employment and an increasing number of irregular women workers.
Higher percentage of married women in counseling cases Married women :80% Unmarried women : 20% Unmarried women make up 89 cases (20.0%), and married women up 357 (80.0%) (except 24 cases with no responses), which means married women compose a higher percentage amongst all the counselees.
<Ratio of counseling of married and unmarried women>
First quarter of 1998 First quarter of 1999
Unmarried 35.8% 20%
Married 64.2% 80%
High increases in counseling for workers in companies with no unions
women workers working in companies with no unions : 89.4%
women workers working in companies with unions : 10.6%
Except cases with no responses, organized workers represent 24 cases (10.6%), and unorganized workers represent 202 cases (89.4%) an overwhelming proportion, amongst the total 226 cases.
<Percentages of counseling to workers in firms with no unions>
First quarter of 1998 Between September 1997 ~ August 1998
counseling to workers working in firms with no unions 89.5% 89.4%
Size of workplaces
Counselees from enterprises with less than five workers accounted for 25% (58 cases), those with 5~ 9 workers for 65%, those with 10~ 20 for 54%, those with 30 workers or more for 55% of the total 232 cases except 238 no-answer cases.
First quarter of 1998 Between September 1997 and August 1998
less than 10 workers 37.6% 53%
10 ~ 29 workers 62.4% 23.2%
30 workers or more - 23.7%
First quarter of 1998 September 1997 ~ August 1998
regular workers 69.6% 62.3%
irregular workers 30.4% 37.7%
No. of irregular workers 45 persons 93 persons
Higher increase in counseling with irregular workers
Except 223 no-answer cases, regular workers accounted for 154 cases (62.3%) and irregular workers for 93 cases (37.7%) amongst the total number of 247 cases. This shows that the number of counseling with irregular workers has continued to increase.
High increase in counseling with workers who leave jobs
Except 252 no-answer cases, workers who still work accounted for 63 cases (29%) and those who already leave jobs for 93 cases (37.7%) amongst the total number of 218 cases. This shows an increasing number of counseling with women workers who leave jobs.
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